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Pterygium
A pterygium, pronounced with a silent P, is a fibrous, fleshy
growth on the surface of the clear cornea, usually beginning
on the inner aspect of the eye. A degenerative change in
normally existing structures, it occurs most frequently
in patients who are exposed to lots of sun, wind, dust,
or harsh climates. Most commonly seen in the tropics and
in areas of wide temperature swings, pterygia are also seen
in temperate climates among individuals who work or spend
much of their time outdoors. They are three times more common
in men than women.
Dryness and exposure to ultraviolet light seem to be important
factors in their development. They tend to be slowly progressive,
but in many patients pterygia stabilize and don’t seem
to cause problems.
Sometimes patients mistake pterygia for cataracts, but cataracts
form behind the colored part of the eye in the lens and
are not easily seen with the naked eye as are pterygia.
Symptoms are not severe, but they may include blurred vision,
irritation, complaints of dry eyes, (itching, a burning
feeling, or a scratchy sensation). During times of growth.
they appear swollen and red.
The best form of therapy is prevention, such as wearing
hats and dark glasses or UV blocking glasses in bright sunshine.
No treatment is necessary if the pterygium is not causing
any noticeable problems or symptoms. Drops may aid the dryness
and the intermittent inflammation associated with this condition.
If clear vision is threatened by the presence of a pterygium,
surgical excision is indicated. Other indications for surgery
are increasing astigmatism or the desire for removal for
cosmetic reasons.
Surgical removal is complicated by two factors.
- Pterygia often recur, sometimes quite rapidly after
removal. Certain forms of radiation therapy and drops
are available to reduce this risk. Nevertheless, recurrence
is a difficult problem especially in high risk climate
areas.
- Despite adequate excision, symptoms of dryness and irritation
may persist
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